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The following article was taken delDiario the nation, Chile, 29/10/2006: A poor country to Nation

Betzi Jaramillo A man

that is installed on the promenade Orphans among street vendors of all types of counterfeits and with a few handfuls of crumbs attract pigeons. When you have a few around him begins to shout: "Three thousand, three thousand." Does not sell, but you drop a coin at nice. He belongs to the 20% or one in five of the population living in extreme poverty, or group E, as they prefer to call it not to sound so strong. If you add nearly 40% belonging to the lower class, group D, gives us the majority of Chileans living grazing or permanently mired in poverty. Feroz contrast to the eight thousand dollars of income per capita.

This majority can only warn the rest, an average 21% lower (C3), 15%, medium (C2) and only 6.2% higher (ABC1) (data Corpa Market Research) - when the TV turns your life into a show and show the tiny cameras intrusive their homes, overcrowding, the cots next to the kitchen and the cans of kerosene. Because this segregated system makes most of the time not even rub the different worlds in Chile. But the news police chronic displays daily.

The bank, which this week has presented a record of profits between January and September, with a profit of 1,303 million dollars, equivalent to almost 700 billion pesos, announced at the same time seeks out cards in the sectors low income. But surely not be for the D and E, which will remain excluded from the financial system and they can not even sign a "custard apple." Are C3, the 20% population, who often have credit cards in supermarkets and department stores, where he had his eye banking. Because the reality is that only 20% of the population has a checking account and bank credit cards. EXPLOSION

"anger"
A Walk in Los Morros San Bernardo is a trip to the majority who live in homes Serviu where remodeling are the main bars and barbed wire that are protected, how they themselves? A man cover the holes in the street in exchange for the coins that give motorists a complete car sells for 200 pesos, prices in Santa Rosa, at the height of the municipality of San Joaquin, reaches 350, and in the center, Dominoes, the cheapest is worth a thousand pesos. The board of a mini Los Morros reported prices and announces quarter-kilo turkey necks offer. It is market day, most of which are "last place" to sell any old thing on the floor of the sidewalk. But it reaches the size of the fair Peñalolén, where after the official market vendors, informal vendors spread their cloths to infinity through the labyrinth of the inner streets. It is to be "last place" is a stopgap measure to get some "Lucas" for a majority living hand to mouth, working sometimes yes, sometimes no. Because most workers Chilean, 80% are employed by SMEs, which survive by employing them for short periods of time.
A study by the Center for Labor and Social Research at the University of Chile said that 47% of the contributors have temporary contracts. And a third of the total does not last even a year in office, which excludes it from any right to compensation or unemployment insurance. These are privileges you get the richest 20%, those in the fifth quintile getting 66% of compensation for years of service. We are talking about reaching a deal, because the informality and "bloomers" of "means chickens" are what for the pot in families. Maybe that's why, in previous studies to produce the new tab CAS, one of the proposals, or criticisms, is that "it is not clear what is meant by work." They do not come, so far benefit from high copper prices, except to steal. Than 1,700 pesos a kilo last year to the 2,700 now pay offer workshops in Los Morros, and has caused a wave of theft of copper telephone cables and electrical and already has a death toll of 26 electrocuted.
BE POOR IS MORE EXPENSIVE The system is so perverse that the very life for the poor is more expensive. A few examples. To begin the tax system based on the VAT, which is a vulture chincol 19%, representing 40% of everything collected by the State and paid to each marraqueta, each liter of milk, a kilo of potatoes, whether rich or poor you buy it. The same goes for energy, which for the wealthiest expenditure on electricity is less than 1% of their income, despite a much higher consumption. In the case of the poor is 10% in Santiago and up to 20% in the Lakes Region, said on "The Citizen" Program Director of Energy Studies at the Universidad Austral, Miguel Marquez. Or the family Vejar Urzua, star of the article by Antonio Valencia of the Nation in World for the Eradication of Poverty (October 18), that water, electricity and gas they are about 38 thousand dollars, and family income is 120 mil. The gas is more expensive than leaving them about 20 thousand, because they live with a micro-cakes. In education as well. The poor, despite going to public schools must spend 15% of their income on uniforms, transportation and supplies. For the wealthy, this falls to 11%, a percentage which include the monthly payments of up to 200 thousand of the exclusive schools for sending their children. The Véjar Urzúa

may be an example of family that belongs to the 60% (E and D). Parents have 48 and 50 years and three children ranging from age 28 at 20, and four grandchildren, who adds Brian, a 12-year-old orphan who accepted. In total, 10 human beings are crowded into a house just over 30 square meters in San Ramon. Victor, the father is sick, so it is not the supplier. This responsibility rests with Bridget, which operates the bakery with the help of his three sons unemployed, of whom two are women and single mothers. It's what sets her daughters Bridget. She was married to Victor, but his daughters did not go through the Civil Registry and the fathers of their children. So your grandchildren are part of that huge percentage of children (over 50%) born out of wedlock, and his fate depends exclusively from their mothers and grandmothers. "Because it is not only material poverty, but of human poverty, citizen, that does not allow them to form even designed their own home," says National History Prize Gabriel Salazar. Thus both "bastard" and poor men who are not able to assume responsibilities beyond their own subsistence. So when Mideplan submitted for discussion the new tab CAS also said that "lack of clarity in the concept of family, so I do not know if Véjar Urzúa are a family or three, if one takes into account that the two mothers single living with them are also families apart.

exploited women, marginalized men

Gabriel Salazar also highlighted the feminization of poverty. "They are now operated with greater instability, are temporary, servants, workers in the packaging in cold storage. The men, who have lost the privilege of being the king of the house, the supplier, to move to swell the marginality. " And the loss is added to that role entails the marginalization: separation, infidelity, alcohol and drugs, which leads them to lose even their sexual identity, and that for a few dollars for drugs in prostitution with other men. "It is the crisis of masculinity in popular, where children are not models that mimic or want. This worsening of the condition of man is behind the extreme violence they have over women. "

But Gabriel Salazar refuses to think that the poor are condemned forever and stresses that it is precisely they who have built this country. "They are broken they have won the war, that created the Chilean culture, including the 18, the cueca, the Ramadas, but now are a parody of what they invented." And they continue promoting culture, even if outside the industry, especially with music. "Basically there are young people in the neighborhood, with its fusion of rock, hip-hop, but with a very lyrical with deep social roots. Their gigs, their performances are events with a cultural and political impact. " Times are changing, and young people have now as a reference to the Mapuche and the Atacama. "We were after the workers, but now are indigenous models for youth. And today more trutruca heard that before. " The Mapuche people themselves, the poorest group among the poor, is changing. "For the first time speaks of Mapuche intellectuals, who have traveled and studied and as part of the power structures. Lonkos and now machis werkenes behind the leaders, who are mostly young. Is change without interruption. Very interesting. "

And he believes that the revolt of the penguins as part of new movements from below. "They are the tip of the iceberg," says Gabriel Salazar. Although now they have no right to vote, because they are still very young, they will age in the next election. And as they happen register with election-which so far have not done the two million young people, especially low-income, refrain from participating with their vote, politicians will be taken into account. Votes are votes. And so is cooking recipe "Chile to the poor", where with a little meat (human) onion to the feelings and throw eggs value to life, the country is being built with the usual suspects: the poor.